Codes and Evolution. - Codes of Biosequences. - The Mechanisms of Evolution: Natural Selection and Natural Conventions. - The Genetic Code. - Catalytic Propensity of Amino Acids and the Origins of the Genetic Code and Proteins. - Why the Genetic Code Originated: Implications for the Origin of Protein Synthesis. - Self-Referential Formation of the Genetic System. - The Mathematical Structure of the Genetic Code. - The Arithmetical Origin of the Genetic Code. - Protein Lipid and Sugar Codes. - Protein Linguistics and the Modular Code of the Cytoskeleton. - A Lipid-based Code in Nuclear Signalling. - Biological Information Transfer Beyond the Genetic Code: The Sugar Code. - The Immune Self Code: From Correspondence to Complexity. - Signal Transduction Codes and Cell Fate. - Neural Mental and Cultural Codes. - Towards an Understanding of Language Origins. - The Codes of Language: Turtles All the Way Up?. - Code and Context in Gene Expression Cognition and Consciousness. - Neural Coding in the Neuroheuristic Perspective. - Error Detection and Correction Codes. - The Musical Code between Nature and Nurture: Ecosemiotic and Neurobiological Claims. Language: English