1. Introduction. - 1. 1. Surface States and Surface Sites. - 1. 2. Bonding of Foreign Species to the Solid Surface. - 1. 3. Surface Hydration on Ionic Solids. - 1. 4. Surface Heterogeneity. - 2. Space Charge Effects. - 2. 1. General. - 2. 2. Space Charge Effects with Reactive Surface Species. - 2. 3. Electron and Hole Transfer between the Solid and Its Surface. - 3. Experimental Methods. - 3. 1. Surface Measurements Based on Electrical and Optical Techniques. - 3. 2. The Surface Spectroscopies. - 3. 3. Chemical Measurements. - 4. The Adsorbate-Free Surface. - 4. 1. Introduction. - 4. 2. Theoretical Models. - 4. 3. Measurements on Adsorbate-Free Ionic Solids. - 4. 4. Measurements on Adsorbate-Free Covalent or Metallic Solids. - 5. Bonding of Foreign Species at the Solid Surface. - 5. 1. Reconstruction and Relocation in Bonding. - 5. 2. The Semiclassical Model of Bonding: The Surface Molecule. - 5. 3. Quantum Models of the Adsorbate/Solid Bond. - 5. 4. Measurement of Adsorbate Surface States on Covalent or Metallic Solids. - 5. 5. The Chemistry of Surface States. - 5. 6. The Formation of Surface State Bands. - 6. Nonvolatile Foreign Additives on the Solid Surface. - 6. 1. General. - 6. 2. Dispersion of Additives. - 6. 3. The Cluster the Transition between a Molecule and a Solid. - 6. 4. The Control of Surface Properties with Additives. - 6. 5. The Real Surface. - 7. Adsorption. - 7. 1. Adsorption Isotherms and Isobars. - 7. 2. Ionosorption on Semiconductors. - 7. 3. Adsorption with Local Bonding. - 8. The Solid/Liquid Interface. - 8. 1. Introduction. - 8. 2. Theory. - 8. 3. Observations with Semiconductor Electrodes. - 8. 4. Comparison of the Solid/Liquid with the Solid/Gas Interface. - 9. Photoeffects at Semiconductor Surfaces. - 9. 1. General. - 9. 2. Simple Hole/Electron Recombination. - 9. 3. Photoadsorption and Photodesorption. - 9. 4. Photocatalysis. - 9. 5. Direct Excitation of Surface States by Photons. - 10. Surface Sites in Heterogeneous Catalysis. - 10. 1. General Concepts. - 10. 2. Surface Sites Associated with Steps and Other Geometrical Factors. - 10. 3. The Role of Acid and Basic Sites in Catalytic Reactions. - 10. 4. Covalent Bonding to Coordinatively Unsaturated Metal and Cationic Sites. - 10. 5. Sites in Oxidation Catalysis. - 10. 6. Examples of Oxidation Catalysis. - References. - Author Index. Language: English