This book represents the first crosscountry study of the work of boardampampnbspchairs in Europe. It focuses on what board leaders actually do rather than what theyampampnbspshould do and elaborates on a conceptual contingency framework forampampnbspunderstanding chairs work in Europe.ampampnbspIn this second edition 18 experts from 14 European countries interviewed more than 300 chairs CEOs directors and shareholders to detect and compare specific practices and instruments that chairs use to deal with various challenges. Researchers also assessed the impact of the COVID19 pandemic on the work of chairs and the boards they lead.ampampnbsp The book benefitsampampnbspincumbent and future chairs directors shareholdersampampnbspCEOs executives and regulators in developing a systemic understanding ofampampnbspthe work of a chair in the European business context and gaining insightsampampnbspinto how the leader of the board deals with specific challenges.