How do countries democratize What route does the way out of totalitarianism take Students of Russian politics have pursued answers to these questions by surveying Russians on a variety of attitudes beliefs norms and practices. This book attends to political discourse to demonstrate how it creates and constraints political opportunities. It examines an important period of Russian political history from Boris Yeltsins second presidential election in 1996 when democracy was pronounced victorious through its gradual slide toward authoritarian practices during Vladimir Putins initial two terms in office and to the election of his protege Dmitry Medvedev in 2008. This analysis challenges the assertions of Russian democracy as doomed by the governing rationalities of the elites. Likewise it refutes the notion of Russians as an apathetic nation in chronic need of a strong hand. It argues that if we are to understand how Russia lives how it endures and how it can change we need to pay attention to the discourses that shape Russian political identities and the nations political future. show more